Common Diseases in Yorkshire Terriers: A Comprehensive Guide

Yorkshire Terriers, affectionately known as Yorkies, are beloved for their charming personalities and adorable looks. However, like all breeds, they are prone to certain health issues. Understanding these common diseases can help owners provide optimal care and prevent potential health problems.

This comprehensive guide will delve into the most frequent health concerns affecting Yorkies, providing insights into their causes, symptoms, and treatments. By equipping yourself with this knowledge, you can ensure your furry friend lives a long and healthy life.

What are the most common diseases in Yorkshire Terriers?

Yorkshire Terriers, with their small stature and delicate features, are susceptible to a range of health conditions. While some are breed-specific, others are common to small dog breeds. Here are some of the most prevalent diseases in Yorkies:

• Hypoglycemia
• Portosystemic Shunt
• Patellar Luxation
• Allergies
• Dental Problems
• Eye Problems
• Skin Conditions
• Tracheal Collapse
• Cardiomyopathy
• Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD)

Understanding these common ailments will empower you to be a proactive pet parent, providing prompt veterinary care when needed.

What is Hypoglycemia in Yorkies?

Hypoglycemia, also known as low blood sugar, is a serious condition that can affect Yorkies, particularly puppies. This occurs when the body doesn’t have enough glucose, the primary source of energy for cells.

Causes:

• Small Size and Fast Metabolism: Yorkies have a high metabolic rate, meaning they burn energy quickly, making them prone to low blood sugar.
• Skipped Meals: Going too long without eating can lead to low blood sugar levels.
• Liver Problems: The liver plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar. Liver issues can disrupt this process.
• Insulin Overdose: In cases of diabetic Yorkies, an overdose of insulin can cause hypoglycemia.

Symptoms:

• Weakness
• Lethargy
• Shakiness
• Seizures
• Loss of Coordination
• Coma

Treatment:

If you suspect your Yorkie is experiencing hypoglycemia, immediate veterinary attention is crucial. Treatment typically involves administering glucose intravenously or orally to quickly raise blood sugar levels. Depending on the underlying cause, further interventions may be necessary.

Prevention:

• Regular Feeding: Feed your Yorkie small, frequent meals to maintain stable blood sugar levels.
• Monitoring: If your Yorkie has a history of hypoglycemia, monitor their blood sugar levels regularly.
• Veterinary Consultations: Consult your veterinarian about the best diet and feeding schedule for your Yorkie.

What is Portosystemic Shunt in Yorkies?

A portosystemic shunt (PSS) is a congenital condition where blood bypasses the liver, resulting in the accumulation of toxins in the bloodstream. This can lead to various health complications.

Causes:

PSS is a birth defect, meaning it’s present at birth. It’s caused by an abnormal blood vessel connection that allows blood to bypass the liver.

Symptoms:

• Stunted Growth
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Lethargy
• Seizures
• Urinary Incontinence
• Yellowing of the Eyes (Jaundice)

Treatment:

PSS treatment varies depending on the severity of the condition and the age of the Yorkie. Options include surgical correction, medication, and dietary management. Surgical intervention is typically the preferred course of action, involving closing the abnormal blood vessel connection.

Prevention:

Since PSS is a congenital defect, it can’t be prevented. However, early diagnosis and intervention can significantly improve the Yorkie’s quality of life.

What is Patellar Luxation in Yorkies?

Patellar luxation occurs when the kneecap (patella) dislocates from its groove in the femur (thigh bone). This can cause pain, lameness, and instability in the knee joint.

Causes:

• Breed Predisposition: Yorkies are genetically predisposed to patellar luxation due to their small size and shallow knee grooves.
• Trauma: Injuries to the knee joint can contribute to luxation.
• Ligament Weakness: Weak ligaments surrounding the knee joint can allow the patella to slip out of place.

Symptoms:

• Lameness
• Limping
• Skipping or Hopping
• Pain When Bending the Knee
• Clicking or Popping Sound in the Knee Joint

Treatment:

Treatment for patellar luxation depends on the severity of the condition. Mild cases may only require conservative management, such as weight control and physical therapy. More severe cases often require surgical correction to stabilize the kneecap.

What are Allergies in Yorkies?

Allergies in Yorkies can manifest in various forms, causing discomfort and affecting their quality of life. These allergic reactions are triggered by an overreaction of the immune system to certain substances called allergens.

Causes:

Allergens that commonly affect Yorkies include:

• Food: Certain ingredients, like beef, chicken, dairy, or wheat, can trigger food allergies.
• Environmental: Pollen, dust mites, mold, and grasses are common environmental allergens.
• Fleas: Flea saliva is a potent allergen for many dogs, including Yorkies.

Symptoms:

Allergic reactions in Yorkies can present as:

• Skin Problems: Itching, scratching, red, inflamed skin, hair loss, and hot spots are common.
• Ear Infections: Recurrent ear infections are often associated with allergies.
• Gastrointestinal Issues: Vomiting, diarrhea, and gas can be signs of food allergies.
• Respiratory Issues: Sneezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing can occur due to allergies.

Treatment:

Allergy management involves identifying the specific allergen and minimizing exposure. Treatment options include:

• Dietary Changes: Switching to a hypoallergenic diet or eliminating specific ingredients.
• Environmental Control: Reducing allergens in the home through regular cleaning, air purifiers, and hypoallergenic bedding.
• Medication: Antihistamines, corticosteroids, and other medications can help manage symptoms.
• Immunotherapy: In some cases, allergy shots can gradually desensitize the dog to allergens.

What are Dental Problems in Yorkies?

Yorkshire Terriers are prone to dental problems, which can significantly impact their overall health and well-being. Small breed dogs, like Yorkies, have a higher risk of dental issues due to their smaller mouths and crowded teeth.

Causes:

• Poor Oral Hygiene: Neglecting regular teeth brushing and dental cleanings can lead to plaque and tartar buildup, creating an environment for bacteria to thrive.
• Genetics: Some Yorkies are genetically predisposed to certain dental problems.
• Diet: A diet high in carbohydrates and soft foods can contribute to dental issues.

Symptoms:

• Bad Breath: A strong, unpleasant odor is a common sign of dental problems.
• Discolored Teeth: Yellow or brown staining indicates plaque and tartar buildup.
• Swollen Gums: Red, inflamed gums can indicate gingivitis or gum disease.
• Loss of Appetite: Painful teeth can make eating difficult, leading to a decrease in appetite.
• Excessive Drooling: Increased salivation can be a sign of dental problems.

Treatment:

Treatment for dental problems in Yorkies involves addressing the underlying cause and preventing further damage. Options include:

• Professional Dental Cleaning: Regular dental cleanings are essential to remove plaque and tartar buildup.
• Tooth Extraction: Severely damaged or infected teeth may need to be extracted.
• Dental Diet: A diet specifically designed for dental health can help prevent plaque and tartar buildup.

What are Eye Problems in Yorkies?

Yorkshire Terriers are known for their large, expressive eyes, which can be prone to a variety of eye conditions. Some are breed-specific, while others are common to small dog breeds.

Causes:

Several factors contribute to eye problems in Yorkies, including:

• Genetics: Some breeds are genetically predisposed to certain eye conditions.
• Trauma: Injuries to the eye can lead to various problems.
• Infection: Bacteria, viruses, or fungi can cause eye infections.
• Allergies: Allergies can trigger eye irritation and inflammation.

Symptoms:

Symptoms of eye problems in Yorkies vary depending on the underlying condition. Common signs include:

• Redness: Inflamed eyelids or conjunctiva can cause redness around the eye.
• Discharge: Clear, watery, or thick, yellowish discharge can be a sign of infection or irritation.
• Squinting: Excessive blinking or squinting may indicate pain or discomfort.
• Cloudy Eye: A cloudy appearance to the eye can indicate a cataract or other eye abnormalities.
• Excessive Tear Production: Excessive tearing can be a sign of allergies, irritation, or a blocked tear duct.

Treatment:

Treatment for eye problems in Yorkies depends on the specific condition. Options include:

• Eye Drops or Ointments: Medicated drops or ointments can treat infections, inflammation, or dry eye.
• Surgery: Procedures such as cataract surgery or eyelid correction may be necessary in some cases.
• Dietary Changes: In cases of allergy-related eye problems, dietary changes may be recommended.

What are Skin Conditions in Yorkies?

Yorkshire Terriers, with their long, silky coats, can be prone to various skin conditions. These conditions can cause discomfort, itching, and hair loss, affecting their appearance and well-being.

Causes:

Skin conditions in Yorkies can be caused by a range of factors, including:

• Allergies: Food, environmental, and flea allergies can trigger skin reactions.
• Parasites: Fleas, mites, and ringworm can cause skin infections and infestations.
• Bacterial or Fungal Infections: These infections can affect the skin, causing inflammation and irritation.
• Hormonal Imbalances: Endocrine disorders can lead to skin problems.

Symptoms:

Symptoms of skin conditions in Yorkies vary depending on the underlying cause. Common signs include:

• Itching: Excessive scratching and licking are often the first signs of skin problems.
• Redness: Inflamed or reddened skin is a common symptom.
• Hair Loss: Patchy or excessive hair loss can occur due to various skin conditions.
• Scaling: Dry, flaky skin can be a sign of skin infections or allergies.
• Lumps or Bumps: Skin lesions, cysts, or tumors can develop on the skin.

Treatment:

Treatment for skin conditions in Yorkies focuses on addressing the underlying cause and providing symptom relief. Options include:

• Medication: Antibiotics, antifungals, and antiparasitics can treat infections and infestations.
• Shampoos and Soaps: Medicated shampoos and soaps can help control itching and inflammation.
• Dietary Changes: Changing to a hypoallergenic diet may be necessary for allergy-related skin conditions.
• Environmental Control: Reducing allergens in the home can help prevent allergic reactions.
• Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove tumors or cysts.

What is Tracheal Collapse in Yorkies?

Tracheal collapse is a condition where the trachea (windpipe) weakens and collapses, causing breathing difficulties. It’s a common health concern in small breed dogs, including Yorkies.

Causes:

The exact cause of tracheal collapse is unknown, but several factors may contribute, including:

• Genetics: Some breeds are genetically predisposed to tracheal collapse.
• Age: Tracheal collapse is more common in older dogs.
• Obesity: Excess weight can put extra pressure on the trachea, increasing the risk of collapse.
• Chronic Coughing: Persistent coughing can weaken the trachea.

Symptoms:

Symptoms of tracheal collapse can vary in severity but often include:

• Honking or Goose-like Cough: A characteristic cough that sounds like a honking goose.
• Difficulty Breathing: Shortness of breath, especially during exercise or excitement.
• Wheezing: A whistling sound during breathing.
• Exercise Intolerance: Fatigue or difficulty breathing during physical activity.

Treatment:

Treatment for tracheal collapse aims to manage symptoms and improve breathing. Options include:

• Weight Control: Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce pressure on the trachea.
• Medication: Bronchodilators and cough suppressants can help relieve symptoms.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to stabilize the trachea.

What is Cardiomyopathy in Yorkies?

Cardiomyopathy is a heart disease that weakens the heart muscle, making it less efficient at pumping blood. It can affect Yorkies of any age, but it’s more common in older dogs.

Causes:

The exact cause of cardiomyopathy is unknown, but it’s thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Symptoms:

Symptoms of cardiomyopathy can be subtle at first but become more pronounced as the disease progresses. Common signs include:

• Lethargy: Fatigue and lack of energy.
• Coughing: A persistent cough, especially at night.
• Difficulty Breathing: Shortness of breath, especially during exercise.
• Weight Loss: Unexplained weight loss despite a normal appetite.
• Swelling: Swelling in the abdomen or legs.
• Fainting: Episodes of collapse or weakness.

Treatment:

Treatment for cardiomyopathy aims to manage symptoms, slow the progression of the disease, and improve the Yorkie’s quality of life. Options include:

• Medication: Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and other medications can help improve heart function and reduce symptoms.
• Diet: A low-sodium diet can help reduce fluid retention.
• Exercise: Regular, moderate exercise can help maintain cardiovascular health.
• Oxygen Therapy: In severe cases, oxygen therapy may be necessary.

What is Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) in Yorkies?

Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is a common condition in small breed dogs, including Yorkies. It occurs when the discs that cushion the vertebrae in the spine degenerate, leading to pain, paralysis, and other neurological problems.

Causes:

IVDD is caused by the degeneration of the intervertebral discs, which act as shock absorbers between the vertebrae. This degeneration can be due to several factors, including:

• Genetics: Some breeds are genetically predisposed to IVDD.
• Age: IVDD is more common in older dogs.
• Trauma: Injuries to the spine can contribute to IVDD.
• Obesity: Excess weight puts extra pressure on the spine, increasing the risk of IVDD.

Symptoms:

Symptoms of IVDD can range from mild to severe, depending on the severity of the disc degeneration. Common signs include:

• Pain: Pain in the back, neck, or legs.
• Lameness: Difficulty walking or limping.
• Muscle Weakness: Weakness or paralysis in the legs.
• Loss of Bladder or Bowel Control: Incontinence or difficulty urinating or defecating.
• Changes in Behavior: Irritability, depression, or lethargy.

Treatment:

Treatment for IVDD depends on the severity of the condition. Options include:

• Rest: Confining the Yorkie to a crate or restricted activity can help reduce pain and inflammation.
• Pain Medication: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other pain relievers can help manage pain.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to decompress the spinal cord.
• Physical Therapy: Physical therapy can help improve mobility and strengthen muscles.

Summary Table of Common Diseases in Yorkies

Disease	Causes	Symptoms	Treatment
Hypoglycemia	Small size, fast metabolism, skipped meals, liver problems, insulin overdose	Weakness, lethargy, shakiness, seizures, loss of coordination, coma	Glucose administration, further interventions based on underlying cause
Portosystemic Shunt (PSS)	Congenital birth defect, abnormal blood vessel connection	Stunted growth, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, seizures, urinary incontinence, jaundice	Surgical correction, medication, dietary management
Patellar Luxation	Breed predisposition, trauma, ligament weakness	Lameness, limping, skipping or hopping, pain when bending the knee, clicking or popping sound in the knee joint	Conservative management or surgical correction
Allergies	Food, environmental allergens, fleas	Skin problems, ear infections, gastrointestinal issues, respiratory issues	Dietary changes, environmental control, medication, immunotherapy
Dental Problems	Poor oral hygiene, genetics, diet	Bad breath, discolored teeth, swollen gums, loss of appetite, excessive drooling	Professional dental cleaning, tooth extraction, dental diet
Eye Problems	Genetics, trauma, infection, allergies	Redness, discharge, squinting, cloudy eye, excessive tear production	Eye drops or ointments, surgery, dietary changes
Skin Conditions	Allergies, parasites, bacterial or fungal infections, hormonal imbalances	Itching, redness, hair loss, scaling, lumps or bumps	Medication, shampoos and soaps, dietary changes, environmental control, surgery
Tracheal Collapse	Genetics, age, obesity, chronic coughing	Honking or goose-like cough, difficulty breathing, wheezing, exercise intolerance	Weight control, medication, surgery
Cardiomyopathy	Unknown, genetic and environmental factors	Lethargy, coughing, difficulty breathing, weight loss, swelling, fainting	Medication, diet, exercise, oxygen therapy
Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD)	Genetics, age, trauma, obesity	Pain, lameness, muscle weakness, loss of bladder or bowel control, changes in behavior	Rest, pain medication, surgery, physical therapy

Frequently Asked Questions About Common Diseases in Yorkies

Here are some common questions regarding health issues in Yorkshire Terriers:

How do I know if my Yorkie has hypoglycemia?

Look for signs like weakness, lethargy, shakiness, seizures, loss of coordination, or even coma. If you suspect hypoglycemia, seek immediate veterinary attention.

What are the signs of a portosystemic shunt in a Yorkie?

Stunted growth, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, seizures, urinary incontinence, and yellowing of the eyes (jaundice) are common symptoms. Early detection is crucial for treatment.

How do I prevent patellar luxation in my Yorkie?

While you can’t fully prevent it, responsible breeding practices, avoiding trauma, and maintaining a healthy weight can minimize the risk.

What are the best ways to manage allergies in Yorkies?

Identify the allergen, minimize exposure through dietary changes, environmental control, and medication. Immunotherapy might be an option in some cases.

How often should I brush my Yorkie’s teeth to prevent dental problems?

Daily brushing is ideal. You can also use dental chews and schedule regular professional dental cleanings with your veterinarian.

What should I do if my Yorkie has an eye problem?

Consult your veterinarian immediately. They can diagnose the condition and recommend appropriate treatment, which may include eye drops, ointments, or surgery.

Can skin conditions in Yorkies be prevented?

While not always preventable, you can minimize risk by managing allergies, controlling parasites, and providing good hygiene.