7 Common Diseases in Yorkie Terriers You Should Know

Yorkshire Terriers, affectionately known as Yorkies, are beloved for their tiny size, big personalities, and charming appearance. While these miniature companions bring joy to countless households, they are susceptible to certain health conditions. Understanding common Yorkshire Terrier diseases is crucial for responsible pet ownership, allowing you to provide early detection, preventive care, and prompt treatment, ensuring your Yorkie’s longevity and well-being. In this comprehensive guide, we delve into seven prevalent health issues that Yorkie owners should be aware of.

What are the Most Common Health Problems in Yorkie Terriers?

Yorkies, despite their small stature, are prone to a variety of health issues. Some conditions are genetic, while others arise from their lifestyle and environmental factors. These include:

• Hypoglycemia: This condition, characterized by low blood sugar, is particularly common in puppies and senior Yorkies. It can be caused by various factors, such as irregular meal times, stress, or underlying medical conditions.
• Patellar Luxation: This refers to the kneecap dislocating from its groove, leading to pain and lameness. It is a common orthopedic issue in Yorkies, often linked to their small size and breed predispositions.
• Portosystemic Shunt: This condition involves abnormal blood flow in the liver, leading to various health problems, including seizures and lethargy. It can be diagnosed through blood tests and imaging studies.
• Allergies: Yorkies can develop allergies to food, environmental allergens, or even parasites. Symptoms include itching, skin rashes, and gastrointestinal upset.
• Dental Disease: Yorkies are prone to dental issues, including plaque buildup, gingivitis, and periodontal disease. Regular dental care, including brushing and professional cleanings, is crucial.
• Eye Problems: Yorkies can experience various eye conditions, such as cherry eye, glaucoma, and cataracts. These issues can impact vision and require veterinary attention.
• Tracheal Collapse: This condition involves the trachea, or windpipe, collapsing, leading to difficulty breathing and a characteristic honking cough. It is more common in older Yorkies.

By being aware of these common health issues, owners can take proactive steps to ensure their Yorkies’ health, including regular veterinary checkups, a balanced diet, and appropriate exercise. Early detection and intervention are key to managing these conditions effectively and improving the overall quality of life for your beloved Yorkie.

What is Hypoglycemia in Yorkies?

Hypoglycemia, a condition characterized by dangerously low blood sugar levels, can be a serious concern for Yorkie owners. While it can occur in any dog, it’s particularly prevalent in Yorkshire Terriers due to their small size and active metabolism. This condition can manifest in both puppies and senior Yorkies, each with unique risk factors and symptoms.

Causes of Hypoglycemia in Yorkies:

• Inadequate Food Intake: Puppies, especially those growing rapidly, require frequent meals to maintain healthy blood sugar levels. Skipping meals or irregular feeding schedules can lead to hypoglycemia.
• Stress: Stressful situations, such as moving to a new home, exposure to loud noises, or even overexcitement, can trigger the release of hormones that deplete blood sugar levels.
• Liver Disease: The liver plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. Liver disease can impair this function, leading to hypoglycemia.
• Insulinomas: These are tumors in the pancreas that produce excess insulin, causing a rapid drop in blood sugar levels.
• Certain Medications: Some medications, such as insulin for diabetes, can cause hypoglycemia as a side effect.

Symptoms of Hypoglycemia in Yorkies:

• Weakness: Yorkies with hypoglycemia may exhibit weakness, lethargy, and difficulty walking.
• Tremors: Shaking or trembling is a common symptom of low blood sugar.
• Disorientation: Yorkies may appear confused, disoriented, or stumble as their blood sugar drops.
• Seizures: In severe cases, hypoglycemia can lead to seizures, a medical emergency requiring immediate veterinary attention.
• Coma: If untreated, hypoglycemia can progress to a coma, potentially fatal.

Treatment for Hypoglycemia in Yorkies:

• Emergency Care: If your Yorkie exhibits symptoms of hypoglycemia, immediate veterinary attention is crucial. Veterinarians will administer glucose intravenously to stabilize blood sugar levels.
• Dietary Management: Regular feeding schedules, high-quality food, and frequent snacks can help prevent hypoglycemia. Your veterinarian can advise on the appropriate diet and feeding frequency for your Yorkie.
• Underlying Conditions: If the hypoglycemia is caused by an underlying condition, such as liver disease or insulinomas, addressing the underlying issue is vital.

What is Patellar Luxation in Yorkies?

Patellar luxation, a common orthopedic issue in Yorkies, occurs when the kneecap (patella) dislocates from its groove in the femur (thigh bone). This condition can range from mild to severe, with varying degrees of pain and lameness. While it can affect any dog, it’s particularly prevalent in small breeds like Yorkies due to their relatively weak ligaments and tendons.

Causes of Patellar Luxation in Yorkies:

• Breed Predisposition: Certain dog breeds, including Yorkies, are genetically predisposed to patellar luxation.
• Trauma: A direct blow to the knee can cause the kneecap to dislocate.
• Growth Abnormalities: Some Yorkies may have structural abnormalities in their kneecap or femur that make it more prone to dislocation.
• Obesity: Excess weight puts added strain on the knee joints, increasing the risk of patellar luxation.

Symptoms of Patellar Luxation in Yorkies:

• Lameness: Your Yorkie may limp or hold their leg up when walking or running.
• Clicking or Popping: You may hear a clicking or popping sound in the knee when your Yorkie walks.
• Pain: Your Yorkie may show signs of pain when their knee is touched.
• Swelling: The knee may swell, particularly after an episode of luxation.
• Stiffness: Your Yorkie may have difficulty bending their leg or moving their knee.

Treatment for Patellar Luxation in Yorkies:

• Non-Surgical Treatment: In mild cases, non-surgical treatment options, such as weight management, physical therapy, and pain medication, may be sufficient.
• Surgical Treatment: For more severe cases, surgery is often recommended. The procedure involves realigning the kneecap and stabilizing the ligaments.
• Post-Operative Care: After surgery, your Yorkie will need to undergo a period of rest and rehabilitation, including pain medication, physical therapy, and restricted activity.

What is Portosystemic Shunt in Yorkies?

A portosystemic shunt (PSS) is a serious medical condition affecting Yorkies and other small dog breeds. This condition occurs when blood bypasses the liver, the body’s primary detoxification organ, through abnormal blood vessels. This leads to a build-up of toxins in the bloodstream, causing a range of health issues.

Causes of Portosystemic Shunt in Yorkies:

• Congenital Defects: PSS is often congenital, meaning it’s present at birth due to abnormalities in the blood vessels.
• Acquired Shunts: In some cases, PSS can develop later in life due to liver disease, trauma, or other factors.

Symptoms of Portosystemic Shunt in Yorkies:

• Lethargy: Yorkies with PSS may appear sluggish, tired, and lack energy.
• Poor Growth: Puppies with PSS may have stunted growth due to the liver’s inability to process nutrients properly.
• Vomiting: PSS can cause vomiting, often with a foul odor.
• Diarrhea: Diarrhea is another common symptom, often accompanied by weight loss.
• Seizures: The build-up of toxins in the bloodstream can lead to seizures.
• Behavioral Changes: Yorkies with PSS may exhibit behavioral changes, such as aggression or confusion.

Treatment for Portosystemic Shunt in Yorkies:

• Surgical Intervention: In some cases, surgery is recommended to close or repair the abnormal blood vessel. This procedure can be complex and may require specialized veterinary care.
• Medical Management: For less severe cases, medical management, including dietary changes, medication, and supplements, may help to control the symptoms and improve the quality of life.
• Supportive Care: Regular veterinary checkups, monitoring, and prompt treatment for any complications are crucial.

What are Allergies in Yorkies?

Allergies are common in Yorkies, just as they are in humans. These reactions can be triggered by various substances, leading to a range of uncomfortable symptoms. Understanding the types of allergies, their causes, and management strategies is essential for keeping your Yorkie happy and healthy.

Types of Allergies in Yorkies:

• Food Allergies: These occur when your Yorkie reacts negatively to certain ingredients in their food, such as proteins like chicken, beef, or dairy.
• Inhalant Allergies: These are triggered by airborne substances like pollen, dust mites, mold, or even certain types of grass.
• Flea Allergies: These are reactions to flea saliva, leading to severe itching, skin irritation, and hair loss.
• Contact Allergies: These occur when your Yorkie’s skin comes into contact with irritants, such as certain fabrics, shampoos, or chemicals.

Symptoms of Allergies in Yorkies:

• Skin Itching: This is one of the most common symptoms, causing excessive scratching and licking.
• Hair Loss: Allergies can lead to hair loss, especially in areas that are frequently scratched.
• Redness and Inflammation: The skin may become red, inflamed, and irritated.
• Skin Infections: Constant scratching can lead to secondary skin infections.
• Gastrointestinal Upset: Some Yorkies may experience vomiting, diarrhea, or gas due to food allergies.
• Sneezing and Coughing: Inhalant allergies can cause sneezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing.

Treatment for Allergies in Yorkies:

• Elimination Diet: To identify food allergies, your veterinarian may recommend an elimination diet, where your Yorkie is fed a limited number of ingredients to see if their symptoms improve.
• Antihistamines: These medications can help reduce itching and inflammation caused by allergies.
• Corticosteroids: In more severe cases, corticosteroids, which are powerful anti-inflammatory drugs, may be prescribed.
• Flea Control: Regular flea treatments are essential to prevent flea allergies.
• Environmental Management: Minimizing exposure to allergens by keeping your Yorkie’s environment clean, using hypoallergenic bedding, and washing their bedding regularly can help manage symptoms.
• Immunotherapy: In some cases, allergy shots or immunotherapy may be recommended to gradually desensitize your Yorkie to specific allergens.

What are Dental Problems in Yorkies?

Yorkies, with their small mouths and crowded teeth, are prone to various dental problems. Neglecting dental hygiene can lead to significant issues, impacting not only their oral health but also their overall well-being. Regular dental care is essential for maintaining your Yorkie’s healthy smile.

Common Dental Problems in Yorkies:

• Plaque and Tartar Buildup: Bacteria in the mouth form a sticky film called plaque. If not removed regularly, it hardens into tartar, which can irritate gums and lead to other dental problems.
• Gingivitis: Inflammation of the gums, or gingivitis, occurs when plaque and tartar irritate the gum tissue.
• Periodontal Disease: Advanced gingivitis can progress to periodontal disease, a serious infection affecting the gums, ligaments, and bone surrounding the teeth.
• Tooth Loss: Periodontal disease can lead to tooth loss if untreated.
• Malocclusion: This refers to misaligned teeth, which can make it difficult to chew and increase the risk of other dental problems.
• Tooth Fractures: Yorkies’ small teeth can be prone to fractures, especially if they chew on hard objects.

Preventing Dental Problems in Yorkies:

• Regular Brushing: Brush your Yorkie’s teeth daily with a dog-specific toothpaste and brush.
• Dental Chews and Toys: Provide dental chews and toys that help clean teeth and reduce plaque buildup.
• Professional Cleanings: Schedule regular professional dental cleanings with your veterinarian, typically once or twice a year.
• Dental Diets: Feed your Yorkie a dental diet designed to help reduce plaque buildup.

Treatment for Dental Problems in Yorkies:

• Tooth Extraction: In severe cases, tooth extraction may be necessary to remove infected or damaged teeth.
• Antibiotics: Antibiotics may be prescribed to treat bacterial infections.
• Pain Management: Pain medication can help alleviate discomfort associated with dental issues.

What are Eye Problems in Yorkies?

Yorkies, with their expressive eyes, are prone to various eye conditions, some of which can significantly impact their vision. Understanding common eye issues and seeking veterinary attention promptly can help maintain your Yorkie’s eye health.

Common Eye Problems in Yorkies:

• Cherry Eye: This condition occurs when the tear gland, also called the nictitating membrane, protrudes from the corner of the eye, creating a reddish lump. It is typically a surgical condition.
• Glaucoma: Glaucoma involves increased pressure within the eye, which can damage the optic nerve and lead to blindness. It is often treated with medication or surgery.
• Cataracts: Cataracts are clouding of the lens of the eye, impairing vision. They can be surgically removed in some cases.
• Conjunctivitis: Inflammation of the conjunctiva, the membrane lining the eyelid and covering the white part of the eye. It is often caused by allergies, infections, or irritants.
• Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca: Also known as dry eye, this condition occurs when the tear glands do not produce enough tears, leading to dryness, irritation, and potential corneal damage.

Symptoms of Eye Problems in Yorkies:

• Redness: The eyes may appear red or inflamed.
• Discharge: There may be excessive watery or thick discharge from the eyes.
• Squinting: Your Yorkie may squint or keep their eyes closed due to discomfort.
• Scratching: They may rub or paw at their eyes.
• Cloudiness: The lens of the eye may appear cloudy or hazy.
• Sensitivity to Light: Your Yorkie may be sensitive to light and avoid bright environments.

Treatment for Eye Problems in Yorkies:

• Antibiotics: Antibiotics can be used to treat bacterial infections.
• Anti-Inflammatory Medication: Medications can help reduce inflammation and discomfort.
• Artificial Tears: Artificial tears can help lubricate the eyes and reduce dryness in cases of dry eye.
• Surgery: Surgery may be necessary to correct conditions like cherry eye, glaucoma, or cataracts.

What is Tracheal Collapse in Yorkies?

Tracheal collapse, a condition affecting the trachea or windpipe, is a serious health concern for Yorkies. This issue involves the rings of cartilage that support the trachea collapsing, narrowing the airway and making it difficult for your Yorkie to breathe.

Causes of Tracheal Collapse in Yorkies:

• Breed Predisposition: Yorkies, along with other small breeds, are genetically predisposed to tracheal collapse due to their narrow airways.
• Age: Tracheal collapse is more common in older Yorkies.
• Obesity: Excess weight puts extra pressure on the trachea, increasing the risk of collapse.
• Chronic Coughing: Persistent coughing, such as from kennel cough or other respiratory infections, can weaken the tracheal rings.
• Trauma: A direct blow to the neck can cause the trachea to collapse.

Symptoms of Tracheal Collapse in Yorkies:

• Honking Cough: A characteristic honking or goose-like cough is a hallmark symptom of tracheal collapse.
• Difficulty Breathing: Your Yorkie may have difficulty breathing, especially during exercise or excitement.
• Exercise Intolerance: They may become easily tired and intolerant of exercise.
• Wheezing: A whistling sound may be heard during breathing, particularly when inhaling.
• Cyanosis: The gums and tongue may turn bluish due to lack of oxygen.

Treatment for Tracheal Collapse in Yorkies:

• Weight Management: Reducing weight can alleviate pressure on the trachea and improve breathing.
• Medication: Bronchodilators can help open the airways and reduce coughing.
• Cough Suppressants: Cough suppressants can help manage the symptoms.
• Avoidance of Triggers: Avoid triggers that worsen coughing, such as smoke, dust, or strong odors.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to stabilize the trachea and prevent further collapse.

Yorkie Disease: A Summary Table

Disease	Causes	Symptoms	Treatment
Hypoglycemia	Inadequate food intake, stress, liver disease, insulinomas, medications	Weakness, tremors, disorientation, seizures, coma	Emergency glucose administration, dietary management, addressing underlying conditions
Patellar Luxation	Breed predisposition, trauma, growth abnormalities, obesity	Lameness, clicking or popping, pain, swelling, stiffness	Non-surgical treatment, surgical treatment, post-operative care
Portosystemic Shunt	Congenital defects, acquired shunts	Lethargy, poor growth, vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, behavioral changes	Surgical intervention, medical management, supportive care
Allergies	Food, inhalants, fleas, contact irritants	Skin itching, hair loss, redness, inflammation, skin infections, gastrointestinal upset, sneezing, coughing	Elimination diet, antihistamines, corticosteroids, flea control, environmental management, immunotherapy
Dental Disease	Plaque and tartar buildup, gingivitis, periodontal disease, malocclusion, tooth fractures	Bad breath, gum inflammation, tooth loss, difficulty chewing	Regular brushing, dental chews, professional cleanings, dental diets, tooth extraction, antibiotics, pain management
Eye Problems	Cherry eye, glaucoma, cataracts, conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca	Redness, discharge, squinting, scratching, cloudiness, sensitivity to light	Antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medication, artificial tears, surgery
Tracheal Collapse	Breed predisposition, age, obesity, chronic coughing, trauma	Honking cough, difficulty breathing, exercise intolerance, wheezing, cyanosis	Weight management, medication, cough suppressants, avoidance of triggers, surgery

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Here are some frequently asked questions about Yorkie diseases:

How can I prevent my Yorkie from getting sick?

While you can’t entirely eliminate the risk of disease, taking preventative measures can significantly reduce the chances of your Yorkie developing health issues.

• Regular Veterinary Checkups: Schedule regular veterinary checkups to catch any health problems early.
• Vaccinations: Ensure your Yorkie is up-to-date on vaccinations.
• Healthy Diet: Feed your Yorkie a balanced, high-quality diet appropriate for their age and activity level.
• Exercise: Provide regular exercise to maintain a healthy weight and promote overall well-being.
• Dental Care: Practice good dental hygiene, including regular brushing and professional cleanings.
• Flea Control: Use preventative flea treatments to protect your Yorkie from fleas and flea-related allergies.
• Stress Management: Minimize stress by providing a safe and comfortable environment for your Yorkie.

What are the warning signs of a sick Yorkie?

Recognizing the warning signs of a sick Yorkie can help you seek prompt veterinary attention, potentially preventing serious complications.

• Changes in Appetite: A decrease in appetite or refusal to eat can indicate an underlying illness.
• Weight Loss: Unintentional weight loss can be a sign of several health problems.
• Lethargy: If your Yorkie is unusually tired or inactive, it could be a sign of illness.
• Vomiting or Diarrhea: Vomiting or diarrhea, especially if persistent, can indicate a digestive issue.
• Coughing or Difficulty Breathing: Coughing or trouble breathing can be signs of respiratory problems.
• Changes in Behavior: Sudden changes in behavior, such as aggression, anxiety, or confusion, may indicate a health issue.
• Increased Water Intake: Excessive thirst can be a symptom of several conditions.
• Increased Urination: Frequent urination can indicate urinary tract problems.
• Swelling: Any unusual swelling, especially in the abdomen, can be a cause for concern.
• Skin Lesions: Any sores, bumps, or rashes on the skin should be checked by a veterinarian.

What are the best breeds of dogs for people with allergies?

If you’re allergic to dogs, choosing a hypoallergenic breed can help reduce your allergy symptoms. Hypoallergenic breeds are typically those that produce less of the protein that triggers allergies, known as Can f 1.

• Poodle: Standard, miniature, and toy poodles are known for their hypoallergenic coats.
• Bichon Frise: These small, fluffy dogs have a hypoallergenic coat that sheds less.
• Maltese: Maltese have a silky, hypoallergenic coat that requires regular grooming.
• Yorkshire Terrier: While Yorkies are not truly hypoallergenic, their fine, human-like hair tends to shed less than other breeds.
• Schnauzer: Standard, miniature, and toy schnauzers have a wiry coat that sheds less.
• Havanese: These small, affectionate dogs have a silky, hypoallergenic coat.
• Kerry Blue Terrier: Kerry Blue Terriers have a soft, hypoallergenic coat.

What can I do if my Yorkie has a disease?

If your Yorkie is diagnosed with a disease, it’s essential to work closely with your veterinarian to develop a treatment plan that’s right for your dog. This may involve medication, surgery, or other therapies. It’s also crucial to follow your veterinarian’s instructions carefully and to provide your Yorkie with the best possible care.